Comparing Constructivist and Direct Theories of Visual...

Comparing Constructivist and Direct Theories of Visual Perception Two of the main theories of visual perception are constructivist and direct. Gregory is associated with the constructivist theory, while Gibson supports the direct theory. The both theories differ in their explanation of perception, however there are some aspects that relate them. Gregorys theory is a top down theory of perception, in the sense that he considers prior knowledge and experience to be crucially important in making sense of what we see. Perception is not determined simply by stimulus patterns. Rather, it is a dynamic searching for the best interpretation of the available data..... which involves going beyond†¦show more content†¦He says that even a minimal amount of bottom up data can produce detailed hypothesises, which is shown in Johanssons study in 1975, whereby in darkness, just a few lights attached to a moving person evoke clear perceptions of people walking or dancing. However, Gregorys theory is questioned by many. For example, if perception is essentially constructive, then how does it gets started and why is there such commonality among the perceptions of different people, all of whom have had to construct their own idiosyncratic worlds. Also, given that perception is typically accurate, it seems unlikely that our retinal im ages are really as ambiguous and lacking in detail as Gregory suggests. Gibson disagrees with Gregorys theory, Gibson, in his theory describes perception as being all direct, he doesnt think that there is any need to use prior knowledge to make sense of things that we look at. Gibson argued that the cognitive input theories of perception, which stated that perception depended on prior knowledge, were only relevant for artificial laboratory situations where the available stimuli was very limited. Naturally, in those situations people would have to use guesswork or prior information to work out what they were looking at. 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